乒乓球技巧和战术

<div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（四）死线活练</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、方法；从右方斜线对打练习始，渐至中路直线对练。又渐至左方斜线对练，再渐至中路对练，渐至右方斜线对练</span>……</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、作用：击球线路既有规定，又不是一成不变，双方在走动中练习了所有的线路。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">3<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、注意点：练习双方密切配合，开始可适当降低速度、力量，以后再渐提高难度。</span></p>

<span style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; ">二、多球练习法</span>

<div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（一）方法</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、多球单练：练习者台旁放一筐多球，做单球练习，击球失误不必捡球，从筐中取球继续练习。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、供多球练习：</span>&nbsp;<font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">）自供自练：如练习发球或攻小球，自己按既定要求供球，再做击球练习。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">）他人供球练习：陪练按要求供球，主练照计划练习。</span>&nbsp;<font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">①<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">单人供球</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">②<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">双人供球：供球甲在台旁将球击给供球乙，供球乙再将球按要求供给主练者，如供球甲在台旁喂下旋球给供球乙，供球乙拉冲弧圈球，主练者进行攻打弧圈球的练习。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（</span>3<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">）机器供球，即利用发球机进行练习。</span></p>

<div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（二）作用：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、加大了练习的负荷（包括密度、强度、难度和运动量）。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、可按既定目的、要求供球，利于集中力量解决某一专项身体素质、技术或战术问题。尤其是解决有些用单球不易练到的技术难题时，效果特别明显。如解决攻下旋与上旋球的动作变换问题，可根据不同运动员的实际情况随意变换供下旋、上旋球。主攻者有更多的机会适应来球的旋转变化。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（三）注意点：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">多球练习的球性与对练不尽相同，而且不利于培养盯球的意识（因为无对手），所以应注意与单球练习结合。此外，供球密度与难度亦应适度，否则会事与愿违。</p>

<span style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; ">三、帮助练习法</span>

<p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">顾名思义，一种需借助他人帮助的练习方法。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（一）方法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、男帮女练习法：一般情况下男运动员比女运动员的技术水平高，男帮女可明显提高女选手的练习效果。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、高帮低练习法：请比自己水平高的运动员陪练，以提高训练质量。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">3<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、按己要求陪练法：请对方按自己要求陪练，利于有目的地提高自己的某项技术或战术水平。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">4<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、模拟对手陪练法：找打法与自己将要比赛的关键选手十分相近者，模拟未来对手进行训练与比赛，以提高对未来比赛对手的适应能力，如</span>60<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">年代初，日本队发明了弧圈球，中国队由廖文挺模拟三木、余长春模拟木村进行陪练，取得了极其明显的效果。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（二）作用：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">提高训练质量；利于进行有针对性的训练。</p>

<p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0px; ">四、指标训练法</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">现一般训练都是以时间为界限的。如右方斜线对攻</span>10<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">分钟。指标练习法是以完成规定指标为界限的，如右方斜线对攻，以累计对攻</span>500<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">板为限。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0px; ">（一）方法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; "><font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、双方共同完成指标法：需双方共同努力来完成指标的练习。如上述的正手对攻累计</span>500<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">板。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、单方完成指标法：要求一方完成规定指标的练习。如，搓中突击命中</span>50<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">板的练习。</span></p></p>

<div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（二）作用：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">及时得到定量的反馈，刺激性强，利于调动运动员训练的积极性。如陈新华在准备第二十八届世乒赛时，教练员要求他在20<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">分钟的全台拉削中，削球失误不得超过</span>15<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">分。开始陈竟失误</span>39<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">分。以后天天练、天天测验，经过一段时间的刻苦训练，大大超额完成了指标。陈的削球功底也得到了明显的提高。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "><font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（三）注意点：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">所定指标经过努力应可达到为好，切忌指标过高或过低。&nbsp;</p>

<span style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; ">五、单个战术练习法</span>