乒乓球技巧和战术

<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 30.133333206176758px; ">将复杂多变的战术简化、反复练习之。</span>

<span style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; ">六、附加装置练习法</span>

<p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">为更有效地解决某技术问题，对球台、球网做适当调整或增加附加装置后再进行训练的一种方法。</span>&nbsp;<font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（一）击目标练习法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">为战术需要，在对方台面上放置半个乒乓球或其它物品。要求运动员在练习时尽力击中目标。此法可大大提高控制落点的能力，提高某特定战术的训练质量。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（二）升降球网练习法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、升网法：将球网稍升高（约</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">厘米），练习既定内容。此法可增加攻球弧线的弯曲度，对攻球弧线过直者，颇有实用价值。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、降网法：将球网略下降，按既定内容进行练习。此法多在练习削球或搓球时采用，可降低击球弧线的高度。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（三）网上加线练习法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">将球网上方另加一直线，要求双方击球皆从中间穿过（中间约为5<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">厘米）。此法一般在对搓时采用，目的是控制弧线高度。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（四）加宽球台练习法</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">将球台的其中一方改放一个半或两个台面，使台面加宽。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">此法多在练习步法时采用，可增加脚步移动的距离和速度。著名运动员邓亚萍常在多球练习时采用，大大提高了她侧身和扑正手的步法。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（五）降低台高练习法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">儿童身材矮，用常规球台练习不利于技术动作的掌握，故将球台高度适当降低。国家体委已正式作出规定：儿童比赛使用矮球台（12<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">岁以下者使用球台高度为</span>68<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">厘米；</span>10<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">岁以下者使用球台高度为</span>64<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">厘米；正规球台高度为</span>76<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">厘米）。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">（六）噪音干扰练习法：</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">将正式比赛时观众的喧哗、广播等杂声录音，在训练中不时地进行潘放，使运动员在平时训练即对比赛气氛有所适应。第三十五届世乒赛在朝鲜平壤举行，我国选手童玲在与前世界冠军朝鲜运动员朴英顺比赛时，观众的倾向性很大。因童玲平日训练有素，能把朝鲜观众的喊声、掌声想成是在为自己加油，故而泰然自若，在0<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">：</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">落后的情况下，连扳三局，反败为胜。</span></p>

<span style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; ">七、意念打球</span>

<p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">这是将心理学知识用于乒乓球训练的产物。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（一）假想对手，做各种手法、步法练习：脑中想象对手击出各种球，自己做相应的回球动作。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（二）纯意念练习：想象对手击出各种球，又想象自己做出各种相应的快速还击动作。也可仅想象自己做快速手法或步法的练习。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（三）暗示拼抢</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">分法：可在乒乓球常规练习的任何内容中进行。要求练习者在每分球开始前，心中默念（或小声嘟嚷）：</span>“<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">拼，拿下此分！</span>”<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">随之，提挈全部身心之力，拼抢此分，力争胜之！</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">此练习的目的在于高度集中自己的注意力，取消一切杂念，一往直前，一心只想拼下此分球，这种心理状态正是比赛时所最需要的，也是最难得的，一场或一局比赛都是一分一分地打的，抓住每分球，就可获得全局的胜利。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">采用此法练习时，必须强调一丝不苟地按要求去做。为此，应该让运动员真正清楚此练习的作用，真正信服它，否则敷衍应付式地练习，就难以见效。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">笔者曾暗暗做过统计，队员在练习右方斜线对攻时，若不做拼抢</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">分的暗示，命中率基本为</span>43<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">～</span>57<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">％，而做了拼抢的暗示后，命中率可提高到</span>50<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">～</span>70<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">％，甚至达到</span>80<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">％。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（四）边练边想：练球时，利用捡球时机（或有意稍停一会儿）回忆动作，然后再练，切忌一味傻练，应回忆正确动作的肌肉感觉，检查击球失误的动作错在哪几，应如何改正。</span>&nbsp;<font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（五）提高对技术、战术动作表象能力的练习：表象，即以前经验过的实物形象在脑中的反映。运动员看了一个动作或一场比赛后，要求他在脑中能清晰地重现动作或战术变化，重现的形象越清晰越好。这是学习新技术或提高战术意识的重要前提。</span></p>

<span style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; ">发球、发球抢攻和接发球的训练方法:</span>

<div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">发球练习法</div><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、非球台练习：无需球台，在床上、书桌上或其它场地进行发球练习。这在学习或提高某一发球质量时（仅限解决抛球与挥拍触球动作的配合，提高发球的旋转强度；不能解决发球的速度和落点问题）很实用。吉林省运动员刘玉成当年就是利用此法发明的高抛抖动式发球，后拿到球合上试验果然效果不凡！</span>&nbsp;<font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、球台上的多球练习：节省了捡球时间，可把旋转、速度、落点结合练习。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">3<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、有对手接的发球练习：对方练习接发球，发球者可以及时了解自己发球的效果，亦可将战术意识结合到技术训练中去。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><font color="#FFFFFF">快</font></p>

<p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><font color="#FFFFFF">乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><div class="hdwiki_tmmll" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; ">发球抢攻（冲）练习</div><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、发一种或一套球后抢攻，限定对方接发球的方法（或攻，或搓？）与落点。如，反手发右侧上、下旋至对方右近网，要求对方搓接我中左，我抢攻。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">决定对方接发球方法和落点的依据有二：</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">）比赛中接此发球的一般规律；</span>&nbsp;<font color="#FFFFFF">快乐乒乓网 -- 乒乓百科</font></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">）发球抢攻者正待解决的问题；</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">（</span>3<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">）接发球者的技术情况。如，从以上两条看，应该让对方接发球撇一个左方配合挑一板正手，但对方不会撇，所以从实效出发，必须作相宜变更。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">2<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、发一种或一套球后抢攻，只限制接发球的落点而不限制其方法（可用攻、拉、搓、撇等技术接），可提高发球者在一定位置上对各种不同接法的球都能抢攻的能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">3<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、发一种或一套球后抢攻，只限制接发球的方法而不限制落点：要求判断好对方接发球的落点，迅速移步后抢攻。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">4<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、发一种或一套球后抢攻，不限制接发球的方法和落点：对发球抢攻者要求更高，不仅步法要移动，而且能抢攻各种不同性能的球。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; ">5<span style="font-family: 宋体; ">、综合全面练习：不限制发球的种类、落点，对接发球亦无限制，可锻炼与考查发球抢攻的实战能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">在上述练习中，还应注意培养与提高这样一种意识和技术，即发球后的第一板无法抢攻（对方接发球甚好）时，不应急干盲目抢攻，而应有战术意识地先控制一板（如对方反手不擅攻，则可控制其反手大角度一板强烈下旋，逼其必以搓回之）。然后争取下板再抢攻，此在比赛中很有实际意义。</span></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><br/></p>

<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">\(^o^)/~</span>

<p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 25px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "></p><p style="font-family: verdana, SimSun, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 22.6pt; "><span style="font-family: 宋体; text-indent: 22.6pt; font-size: x-large; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">发球抢攻练习同前，但规定发抢或对方回球落点，然后再进行相持技术的练习。</span></p><p style="font-size: 14px; "></p>